![]() ![]() ![]() Although attention has focused primarily on the sugarcane industry, there are other at-risk occupations and industrial economic sectors characterized by similar exposures reported in Central America. To date, at least for Central American CKDu, suspected causes include a combination of exposure to high heat and humidity, inadequate hydration, high physical demands and, possibly, concomitant use of nephrotoxic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. In Central America, CKDu is hypothesized to be associated with occupational and environmental exposures affecting young men working in lowland agricultural settings, most notably sugarcane harvesters. Clusters of a similar CKD have also been reported in Sri Lanka, India, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Senegal, and, more recently, in the United States (U.S.). This chronic impairment of kidney function not associated with known risk factors or a specific histological diagnosis has been termed “CKD of undetermined cause” (CKDu), “CKD of non-traditional cause” (CKDnt) or “Mesoamerican nephropathy” (MeN), given the initial description of CKDu in Central America. Their prognosis is poor due to delays in diagnosis and limited availability of therapy (i.e., dialysis or renal transplantation). These unusual cases predominantly affect male agricultural workers, often in their 30s and 40s, and are associated with high mortality. However, over the past 10–15 years, CKD cases have been described in low- and middle-income countries that do not fit this “usual” CKD pattern. CKD cases identified in high-income countries are typically associated with lifestyle-related risk factors, such as type II diabetes and hypertension. Categories G3a-G5 correspond to decreased eGFR (i.e., eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m 2). Based on the eGFR, a CKD case definition has been established by the ‘Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes CKD Work Group’, which categorizes CKD into five stages (G1-G5) and two substages (G3a and G3b) based on eGFR. The hallmark measurement for renal insufficiency is the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which is usually estimated (eGFR) from the serum creatinine level, obtained in whole blood samples. The POC device performed well in the field, with some adjustment in methods when temperature readings were out of range.Ĭhronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health problem that can be caused by diabetes, hypertension, glomerulonephritis, congenital abnormalities, or obstruction of the urinary tract, among other known diseases. ![]() ![]() Implementation of DEGREE and the new CKDu module was straightforward and well understood. The POC device would disable testing when outdoor temperatures were above 85 ☏ or below 65 ☏ this was adjustable. We observed high correlations between POC and IDMS creatinine (r = 0.919) and BUN (r = 0.974). ResultsĪdministration of DEGREE and CKDu questionnaires averaged 10 and 5 min, respectively, with all questions easily understood. Anthropometrics and paired blood samples for POC and laboratory assay were completed outdoors over two periods (November–December 2017, April–May 2018). DEGREE and CKDu questionnaires were completed indoors. Methodsįifty workers were interviewed in Houston (TX). To field test the Disadvantaged Populations eGFR Epidemiology (DEGREE) protocol, outdoor point-of-care (POC) testing for serum creatinine, and a new risk factor module on chronic kidney disease of undetermined origin (CKDu) in U.S. ![]()
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![]() ![]() The Siddha Baba record reveals two periods suggestive of changes in the ISM: an apparent increase in rainfall during approximately CE 1350-1550 and a reduction in rainfall characterizing the last two centuries. As a result, we couple oxygen and carbon isotopes from these stalagmites to examine both regional and local-scale ISM dynamics. It has been suggested that the amount effect has only a minor effect on the oxygen isotope variability in precipitation in this area. We present high resolution stable isotopic time series from two precisely-dated and partially overlapping stalagmites spanning the last 2400 years from Siddha Baba Cave, central Nepal, as well as a year of isotopic data from rainwater collected near the cave. Late Holocene ISM variability has previously been examined using high resolution resolved stable isotope records of stalagmites from northern, northeastern, and central India, but as of yet, no such records have been published from Nepal. Nepal represents a particularly important sector of the ISM because of its location at the base of the Himalayas, Asia’s water tower, and in the zone of influence of the mid-latitude westerlies. The Indian Summer Monsoon provides approximately 80% of South Asia’s annual average precipitation. Numerous multidecadal oscillations are also evident, including markedly wetter conditions during the 18th century, in the late Little Ice Age, apparent in the Dasuopu and Sahiya records.Īdhikari et al. A secular shift toward drier conditions since 0.5 kyr BP in the Siddha Baba record tracks the 18O records from Dasuopu glacier, Nepal Himalaya, and Sahiya cave, North India. These include the Neo-Assyrian drought in the eastern Mediterranean and Middle East (2.7-2.5 kyr BP Kathayat et al., 2019), the Mauria Empire (2.1-1.9 kyr BP), and the Guge Kingdom (0.9-0.3 kyr BP) pluvials in India and Tibet (Kathayat et al., 2017). ISM variability is apparent across a number of time scales, including centennial periods of reduced or enhanced rainfall coincident with societally-relevant precipitation regimes identified at other sites more »Īcross South Asia. Local hydroclimate is thus reconstructed from stalagmite 13C values, which we interpret as reflecting prior aragonite precipitation driven by changes in effective precipitation above the cave. A rainwater sampling program near the cave site, and a published study from Kathmandu (Adhikari et al., 2020), 150 km to the southeast, reveal that rainfall amount explains little of the observed variance in d18O values. Here we present a sub-decadally-resolved, precisely-dated, composite aragonite stalagmite record of ISM variability from Siddha Baba cave, central Nepal, for the last 2.7 kyr. In Nepal, ISM variability has been examined through tree rings, glacial ice, and lake sediments, but no stalagmite isotopic records of ISM rainfall have yet been published. Understanding the origins of these events is best addressed by developing a wide-ranging, multi-proxy network of high-resolution ISM reconstructions. In some of these cases, ISM variability far exceeds that observed in the century-and-a-half-long instrumental record. To achieve these, people need to act like a revolutionist but not violence so that outcome will bring solution and bring benefits for the society.The Indian summer monsoon (ISM), which today supplies ~75% of annual precipitation to South Asia, has been reconstructed across previous centuries using a variety of hydroclimate-sensitive proxies. Therefore, I believe that people need not only management but creating new idea and move forward thinking for all people including poor, isolated and minority people. ![]() I strongly believe that no matter how much differences people have their idea and belief life can co-exist together peacefully without fighting for own share if provision of basic services and right for all people in the world are addressed/distributed equally at least at some level. ![]() The issues of basic services deprivation (unequal distribution of basic services in urban areas and deprivation in rural areas and some part of informal settlement in urban areas) and poverty are the main root causes for all fragmentation in society apart from broad conventional political demarcation existed within society, within communities and between religion. To change society, to live in a better quality of life it require adequate basic services so that no confrontation among society or between two communities. ![]() ![]() If You Want to Fast Download Then Use The Internet Download Manager (IDM) Latest version.With "SILKYPIX RAW Bridge" available only on SILKYPIX Pro8, JPEGs and TIFFs are expanded to 16 bits, so even JPEG and TIFF images can be adjusted to a high degree of image quality with less image degradation. Copy Crack To Install Directory And Apply it.Install The program Normally & Do Not Run.If You are using the Old version Please Uninstall it With Revo Uninstaller Pro.First, you do Download software here Newest Version.How To Crack, patch & activate this software Full Version for free? 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The Contents have been prepared without regard to the investment objectives, financial situation, or means of any person or entity, and the Website is not soliciting any action based upon them. ![]() The information contained on this website (this “Website”) (including without limitation the information, functions and documents posted herein (together, the “Contents”) is made available for informational purposes only. (ii) agree that you are the relevant sophistication level and/or type of audience intended for your respective country or jurisdiction identified below. ![]() (i) agree that all access to this website by you will be subject to the disclaimer, risk warnings and other information set out herein and It is your responsibility to be aware of and to observe all applicable laws and regulations of any relevant jurisdiction.īy entering this site you are agreeing that you have reviewed and agreed to the terms contained herein, including any legal or regulatory restrictions, the Client and Vendor Privacy Notice, which explains how we collect, use, and disclose your personal information and how it is protected, and the Cookie Notice, which explains how we use cookies on our sites.īy confirming that you have read this important information, you also: Please read this page before proceeding, as it explains certain restrictions imposed by law on the distribution of this information and the jurisdictions in which our products and services are authorised to be offered or sold. ![]() ![]() The first merge of multiple branches took place on 18 April. Torvalds announced the project on 6 April and became self-hosting the next day. The development of Git began on 3 April 2005. These criteria eliminated every version-control system in use at the time, so immediately after the 2.6.12-rc2 Linux kernel development release, Torvalds set out to write his own. ![]() Include very strong safeguards against corruption, either accidental or malicious.Support a distributed, BitKeeper-like workflow.Take the Concurrent Versions System (CVS) as an example of what not to do if in doubt, make the exact opposite decision.For his design criterion, he specified that patching should take no more than three seconds, and added three more goals: ![]() He cited an example of a source-control management system needing 30 seconds to apply a patch and update all associated metadata, and noted that this would not scale to the needs of Linux kernel development, where synchronizing with fellow maintainers could require 250 such actions at once. Torvalds wanted a distributed system that he could use like BitKeeper, but none of the available free systems met his needs. The same incident also spurred the creation of another version-control system, Mercurial. The copyright holder of BitKeeper, Larry McVoy, claimed that Andrew Tridgell had created SourcePuller by reverse engineering the BitKeeper protocols. Git development was started by Torvalds in April 2005 when the proprietary source-control management (SCM) system used for Linux kernel development since 2002, BitKeeper, revoked its free license for Linux development. Git is free and open-source software shared under the GPL-2.0-only license. As with most other distributed version control systems, and unlike most client–server systems, every Git directory on every computer is a full-fledged repository with complete history and full version-tracking abilities, independent of network access or a central server. Since 2005, Junio Hamano has been the core maintainer. Git was originally authored by Linus Torvalds in 2005 for development of the Linux kernel, with other kernel developers contributing to its initial development. Its goals include speed, data integrity, and support for distributed, non-linear workflows (thousands of parallel branches running on different computers). Git ( / ɡ ɪ t/) is a distributed version control system that tracks changes in any set of computer files, usually used for coordinating work among programmers who are collaboratively developing source code during software development. POSIX ( Linux, macOS, Solaris, AIX), Windows Primarily in C, with GUI and programming scripts written in Shell script, Perl, Tcl and Python Select Skip Setup from the Clone your first repo box (you'll do this from within Bitbucket for this tutorial). For information about setting up SSH for your account, see Set up an SSH key.ħ. When you enter your account details, you can choose whether you prefer to connect with HTTPS or SSH. Keep the default Auth Type and select Connect Account to enter your Bitbucket credentials. After you select a Host, enter your hosting details. ![]() Open Sourcetree, select the gear icon and then select Accounts.Ħ. Install Sourcetree as you would any other installation. Select the button for downloading Sourcetree from the Sourcetree website.ĭouble-click the downloaded file to open it. Install Sourcetree for Bitbucket Data Center and Server Sourcetree provides you with an interface that gives you the same capabilities you have with Git without the need to use the command line. If you prefer to use Git from the command line, feel free to skip this step. ![]() ![]() ![]() SketchUp also earned a patent for its user-friendly “Push-Pull” design feature. Company founders created the 3D CAD program so design pros, including architects, product designers, landscape developers, and civil engineers could use SketchUp for a variety of projects. Software launched this design software application in 2000 after a successful stint at computer-based trade shows. Autodesk offers a free version for students or educators who will use it specifically for educational purposes.Īlmost 20 years after AutoCAD hit the market, a 3D modeling program called SketchUp debuted. Individuals who use it more frequently might want to save some money by choosing an annual license fee or a three-year fee. In addition, the company has developed a mobile application and an integration with Google Drive. These have included line smoothing, dimensioning, electrical architecture, and enhanced PDF saving. The AutoCAD 2011 version added surface modeling and analysis and object transparencyĭuring the past decade, Autodesk has continued to add new features, animations, and 3D design capabilities to its annual AutoCAD updates.The AutoCAD 2008 version introduced annotative objects.That continued for the next 16 years before Apple could run AutoCAD again. When the 1994 version was released, AutoCAD no longer supported Apple operating systems.1990 was the first year AutoCAD incorporated basic 3D modeling.Since AutoCAD debuted four decades ago, the company has updated the program 36 times. The second is Maya, a 3D animation platform. The first is Revit, a building information modeling (BIM) product. ![]() Different Versions of AutoCADĪutoCAD is a companion to two of Autodesk’s other imaging programs. So do the gamut of engineering professionals, from those in civil engineering to mechanical, electrical, and aeronautics firms. City planning agencies, graphic design firms, interior design firms, and architectural companies use AutoCAD. Various and widespread industries have flocked to AutoCAD over the years. Users could automatically center lines, automate drawing dimensions, and copy geometric shapes. Within five years, AutoCAD was the worldwide leader in computer-aided drafting programs. In the beginning, AutoCAD was strictly a 2D drawing program, and very good at it.īecause of its precision, experienced engineers and beginners fell in love with this new program. These include T-squares, compasses, and rulers. The ease-of-use toolbox offers a variety of drafting instruments to make technical drawings. When users open this computer-aided design program, the user interface makes it look like they are sitting down at a drafting table. This worked for smaller firms and individual consultants, for they no longer needed to attach themselves to hunky computers that only larger drafting, architectural, or engineering firms could afford. At the time, users worked on their separate graphics terminals while all were tied back to the bigger computer.ĪutoCAD allowed individual users to work by themselves. That was a novel CAD software idea back in the day because before AutoCAD any commercially viable CAD program ran on bigger minicomputers or mainframes. Originally, it was a desktop application that ran on microcomputers with internal graphics cards of both Microsoft and Apple PCs. What is AutoCAD?Īlmost 40 years ago (December 1982) Autodesk introduced one of the most advanced computer-aided drafting programs for the growing personal computer market. ![]() In this article, we will look at AutoCAD vs SketchUp in-depth, tell you their similarities and differences, and how to select the best one for you. Two of the most notable CAD programs are AutoCAD and SketchUp. Instead of piles of blueprints rolled up in a corner bin, CAD programs architects and engineers can now digitally save their workflow in incremental steps as each project nears completion. Computer-aided design takes the drafting table out of your office and replaces it with a personal computer program that automates all the same processes. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
![]() ![]() We can use copy command to load the data from JSON file to redshift table.So it will issues the error like integer does not exist, which was not found any matching function or arguments. In above example, we have used column name as stud_id with JSON function, stud_id datatype as integer.Select json_extract_path_text (stud_id) from redshift_json where stud_id = 101 We cannot use the integer datatype column with JSON function in redshift, we need to use only JSON type of data.īelow example shows that we cannot use the integer datatype of column with JSON function in redshift.Also, it will showing the parsing error of query.In above example, we have applied JSON function on stud_name column and trying to retrieve key-value pair as “A”, But it will showing error as invalid JSON object which was we have used in our query.Select json_extract_path_text (stud_name, 'A') as key2 from redshift_json where stud_id = 101 We can apply JSON function only on JSON type of document.īelow example shows that we can apply JSON function only on JSON type of columns. To use the JSON function on integer datatype values or the data which was not in JSON format.We can store multiple key value pair in a single column by using JSON format, we cannot stored multiple key-value pair in other format.Using JSON format we can save the storage space of storing the data. If we want to store the small number of key-value pairs then JSON document is best suited for the same. ![]() After loading the data we can retrieve the JSON data by using following JSON functions.ġ) Is valid JSON array (IS_VALID_JSON_ARRAY) function.Ģ) Is valid JSON (IS_VALID_JSON) function.ģ) Json serialize (JSON_SERIALIZE) function.ĥ) Json extract path text (JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT) function.Ħ) Json extract array element text (JSON_EXTRACT_ARRAY_ELEMENT_TEXT) function. There are multiple options available to load the JSON documents in redshift. ![]() We can segregate the data from table column as per value which was we have used in our query.ĥ) Where condition – We can retrieve JSON document from column by using where condition in redshift.Ħ) Order by condition – We can retrieve JSON document from column by using order by condition in redshift.ħ) Group by condition – We can retrieve JSON document from column by using group by condition in redshift. We can retrieve the JSON column data using JSON function in redshift.Ģ) Select – Select command is used with JSON function to retrieve data from table by using the clauses and conditional operator.ģ) Name of column – This is the name of JSON data column which was we have using with JSON function to retrieve data from table.Ĥ) Value of json column – This is nothing but the column value which was we have using to segregate the JSON document data in redshift. There are multiple JSON function available in redshift to query the JSON data. Parameter description syntax of redshift JSON.ġ) JSON function – This is the function which was we have using with JSON data to retrieve from JSON column. 2) Select json_function (name_of_json_column,) group by, order by ![]() ![]() ![]() 10X Power Play is only available if the Jackpot prize remains under $150 million.The odds of winning the Powerball jackpot is 1 in 292,201,388. 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The Fifth Doctor was portrayed by Peter Davison from 1981 to 1984.įor this era the broadcast schedule was shifted to twice a week, and moved around on the days of broadcast.īeginning this season, broadcast was moved to Mondays and Tuesdays.īeginning this season, broadcast was moved to Tuesdays and Wednesdays, with the exception of Part 1 of Arc of Infinity, which was broadcast on Monday.Ī special episode was produced to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the series, as part of the Children in Need charity.
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